ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE 语句用于对已有表进行修改,以符合新表结构。ALTER TABLE 语句可用于:

语法图

AlterTableStmt
ALTERIgnoreOptionalTABLETableNameAlterTableSpecListOptAlterTablePartitionOptANALYZEPARTITIONPartitionNameListINDEXIndexNameListAnalyzeOptionListOpt
TableName
Identifier.Identifier
AlterTableSpec
TableOptionListSETTIFLASHREPLICALengthNumLocationLabelListCONVERTTOCharsetKwCharsetNameDEFAULTOptCollateADDColumnKeywordOptIfNotExistsColumnDefColumnPosition(TableElementList)ConstraintPARTITIONIfNotExistsNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptPartitionDefinitionListOptPARTITIONSNUMCHECKTRUNCATEPARTITIONOPTIMIZEREPAIRREBUILDPARTITIONNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptAllOrPartitionNameListCOALESCEPARTITIONNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptNUMDROPColumnKeywordOptIfExistsColumnNameRestrictOrCascadeOptPRIMARYKEYPARTITIONIfExistsPartitionNameListKeyOrIndexIfExistsCHECKIdentifierFOREIGNKEYIfExistsSymbolEXCHANGEPARTITIONIdentifierWITHTABLETableNameWithValidationOptIMPORTDISCARDPARTITIONAllOrPartitionNameListTABLESPACEREORGANIZEPARTITIONNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptReorganizePartitionRuleOptORDERBYAlterOrderItem,DISABLEENABLEKEYSMODIFYColumnKeywordOptIfExistsCHANGEColumnKeywordOptIfExistsColumnNameColumnDefColumnPositionALTERColumnKeywordOptColumnNameSETDEFAULTSignedLiteral(Expression)DROPDEFAULTCHECKIdentifierEnforcedOrNotINDEXIdentifierIndexInvisibleRENAMECOLUMNKeyOrIndexIdentifierTOIdentifierTO=ASTableNameLockClauseAlgorithmClauseFORCEWITHWITHOUTVALIDATIONSECONDARY_LOADSECONDARY_UNLOAD

示例

mysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, c1 INT NOT NULL); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO t1 (c1) VALUES (1),(2),(3),(4),(5); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3; +---------------------+----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | id | count | task | operator info | +---------------------+----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------+ | TableReader_7 | 10.00 | root | data:Selection_6 | | └─Selection_6 | 10.00 | cop | eq(test.t1.c1, 3) | | └─TableScan_5 | 10000.00 | cop | table:t1, range:[-inf,+inf], keep order:false, stats:pseudo | +---------------------+----------+------+-------------------------------------------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ALTER TABLE t1 ADD INDEX (c1); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.30 sec) mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE c1 = 3; +-------------------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | id | count | task | operator info | +-------------------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | IndexReader_6 | 10.00 | root | index:IndexScan_5 | | └─IndexScan_5 | 10.00 | cop | table:t1, index:c1, range:[3,3], keep order:false, stats:pseudo | +-------------------+-------+------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

  • 支持除空间类型外的所有数据类型。
  • 不支持 FULLTEXTHASHSPATIAL 索引。

另请参阅

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