关键字
本文介绍 TiDB 的关键字,对保留字和非保留字作出区分,并汇总所有的关键字以供查询使用。
关键字是 SQL 语句中具有特殊含义的单词,例如 SELECT
,UPDATE
,DELETE
等等。它们之中有的能够直接作为标识符,被称为非保留关键字(简称非保留字),但有需要经过特殊处理才能作为标识符的字,被称为保留关键字(简称保留字)。但是,也存在一些特殊的非保留关键字,有时候可能也需要进行特殊处理,推荐你将它们当作保留关键字处理。
对于保留字,必须使用反引号包裹,才能作为标识符被使用。例如:
CREATE TABLE select (a INT);
ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)
CREATE TABLE `select` (a INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
而非保留字则不需要反引号也能直接作为标识符。例如 BEGIN
和 END
是非保留字,以下语句能够正常执行:
CREATE TABLE `select` (BEGIN int, END int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
有一种特殊情况,如果使用了限定符 .
,那么也不需要用反引号:
CREATE TABLE test.select (BEGIN int, END int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
TiDB 从 v7.5.3 和 v7.6.0 开始提供 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEYWORDS
表,可以用于查询 TiDB 中所有的关键字。
关键字列表
下表列出了 TiDB 中所有的关键字。其中保留字用 (R)
来标识。窗口函数的保留字用 (R-Window)
来标识。需要用反引号 `
包裹的特殊非保留字用 (S)
来标识。
- ACCOUNT
- ACTION
- ADD (R)
- ADMIN
- ADVISE
- AFTER
- AGAINST
- AGO
- ALGORITHM
- ALL (R)
- ALTER (R)
- ALWAYS
- ANALYZE (R)
- AND (R)
- ANY
- ARRAY (R)
- AS (R)
- ASC (R)
- ASCII
- ATTRIBUTE
- ATTRIBUTES
- AUTO_ID_CACHE
- AUTO_INCREMENT
- AUTO_RANDOM
- AUTO_RANDOM_BASE
- AVG
- AVG_ROW_LENGTH
- BACKEND
- BACKUP
- BACKUPS
- BATCH
- BDR
- BEGIN
- BERNOULLI
- BETWEEN (R)
- BIGINT (R)
- BINARY (R)
- BINDING
- BINDINGS
- BINDING_CACHE
- BINLOG
- BIT
- BLOB (R)
- BLOCK
- BOOL
- BOOLEAN
- BOTH (R)
- BTREE
- BUCKETS
- BUILTINS
- BY (R)
- BYTE
- CACHE
- CALIBRATE
- CALL (R)
- CANCEL
- CAPTURE
- CARDINALITY
- CASCADE (R)
- CASCADED
- CASE (R)
- CAUSAL
- CHAIN
- CHANGE (R)
- CHAR (R)
- CHARACTER (R)
- CHARSET
- CHECK (R)
- CHECKPOINT
- CHECKSUM
- CIPHER
- CLEANUP
- CLIENT
- CLIENT_ERRORS_SUMMARY
- CLOSE
- CLUSTER
- CLUSTERED
- CMSKETCH
- COALESCE
- COLLATE (R)
- COLLATION
- COLUMN (R)
- COLUMN_FORMAT
- COLUMN_STATS_USAGE
- COLUMNS
- COMMENT
- COMMIT
- COMMITTED
- COMPACT
- COMPRESSED
- COMPRESSION
- CONCURRENCY
- CONFIG
- CONNECTION
- CONSISTENCY
- CONSISTENT
- CONSTRAINT (R)
- CONTEXT
- CONTINUE (R)
- CONVERT (R)
- CORRELATION
- CPU
- CREATE (R)
- CROSS (R)
- CSV_BACKSLASH_ESCAPE
- CSV_DELIMITER
- CSV_HEADER
- CSV_NOT_NULL
- CSV_NULL
- CSV_SEPARATOR
- CSV_TRIM_LAST_SEPARATORS
- CUME_DIST (R-Window)
- CURRENT
- CURRENT_DATE (R)
- CURRENT_ROLE (R)
- CURRENT_TIME (R)
- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R)
- CURRENT_USER (R)
- CURSOR (R)
- CYCLE
- DATA
- DATABASE (R)
- DATABASES (R)
- DATE
- DATETIME
- DAY
- DAY_HOUR (R)
- DAY_MICROSECOND (R)
- DAY_MINUTE (R)
- DAY_SECOND (R)
- DDL
- DEALLOCATE
- DECIMAL (R)
- DECLARE
- DEFAULT (R)
- DEFINER
- DELAY_KEY_WRITE
- DELAYED (R)
- DELETE (R)
- DENSE_RANK (R-Window)
- DEPENDENCY
- DEPTH
- DESC (R)
- DESCRIBE (R)
- DIGEST
- DIRECTORY
- DISABLE
- DISABLED
- DISCARD
- DISK
- DISTINCT (R)
- DISTINCTROW (R)
- DIV (R)
- DO
- DOUBLE (R)
- DRAINER
- DROP (R)
- DRY
- DUAL (R)
- DUPLICATE
- DYNAMIC
- ELSE (R)
- ELSEIF (R)
- ENABLE
- ENABLED
- ENCLOSED (R)
- ENCRYPTION
- END
- ENFORCED
- ENGINE
- ENGINES
- ENUM
- ERROR
- ERRORS
- ESCAPE
- ESCAPED (R)
- EVENT
- EVENTS
- EVOLVE
- EXCEPT (R)
- EXCHANGE
- EXCLUSIVE
- EXECUTE
- EXISTS (R)
- EXIT (R)
- EXPANSION
- EXPIRE
- EXPLAIN (R)
- EXTENDED
- FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS
- FALSE (R)
- FAULTS
- FETCH (R)
- FIELDS
- FILE
- FIRST
- FIRST_VALUE (R-Window)
- FIXED
- FLOAT (R)
- FLOAT4 (R)
- FLOAT8 (R)
- FLUSH
- FOLLOWING
- FOR (R)
- FORCE (R)
- FOREIGN (R)
- FORMAT
- FOUND
- FROM (R)
- FULL
- FULLTEXT (R)
- FUNCTION
- GENERAL
- GENERATED (R)
- GLOBAL
- GRANT (R)
- GRANTS
- GROUP (R)
- GROUPS (R-Window)
- HANDLER
- HASH
- HAVING (R)
- HELP
- HIGH_PRIORITY (R)
- HISTOGRAM
- HISTOGRAMS_IN_FLIGHT
- HISTORY
- HOSTS
- HOUR
- HOUR_MICROSECOND (R)
- HOUR_MINUTE (R)
- HOUR_SECOND (R)
- HYPO
- IDENTIFIED
- IF (R)
- IGNORE (R)
- ILIKE (R)
- IMPORT
- IMPORTS
- IN (R)
- INCREMENT
- INCREMENTAL
- INDEX (R)
- INDEXES
- INFILE (R)
- INNER (R)
- INOUT (R)
- INSERT (R)
- INSERT_METHOD
- INSTANCE
- INT (R)
- INT1 (R)
- INT2 (R)
- INT3 (R)
- INT4 (R)
- INT8 (R)
- INTEGER (R)
- INTERSECT (R)
- INTERVAL (R)
- INTO (R)
- INVISIBLE
- INVOKER
- IO
- IPC
- IS (R)
- ISOLATION
- ISSUER
- ITERATE (R)
- JOB
- JOBS
- JOIN (R)
- JSON
- KEY (R)
- KEYS (R)
- KEY_BLOCK_SIZE
- KILL (R)
- LABELS
- LAG (R-Window)
- LANGUAGE
- LAST
- LAST_BACKUP
- LAST_VALUE (R-Window)
- LASTVAL
- LEAD (R-Window)
- LEADING (R)
- LEAVE (R)
- LEFT (R)
- LESS
- LEVEL
- LIKE (R)
- LIMIT (R)
- LINEAR (R)
- LINES (R)
- LIST
- LOAD (R)
- LOCAL
- LOCALTIME (R)
- LOCALTIMESTAMP (R)
- LOCATION
- LOCK (R)
- LOCKED
- LOGS
- LONG (R)
- LONGBLOB (R)
- LONGTEXT (R)
- LOW_PRIORITY (R)
- MASTER
- MATCH (R)
- MAXVALUE (R)
- MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR
- MAX_IDXNUM
- MAX_MINUTES
- MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR
- MAX_ROWS
- MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
- MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS
- MB
- MEDIUMBLOB (R)
- MEDIUMINT (R)
- MEDIUMTEXT (R)
- MEMBER
- MEMORY
- MERGE
- MICROSECOND
- MIDDLEINT (R)
- MINUTE
- MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R)
- MINUTE_SECOND (R)
- MINVALUE
- MIN_ROWS
- MOD (R)
- MODE
- MODIFY
- MONTH
- NAMES
- NATIONAL
- NATURAL (R)
- NCHAR
- NEVER
- NEXT
- NEXTVAL
- NO
- NOCACHE
- NOCYCLE
- NODEGROUP
- NODE_ID
- NODE_STATE
- NOMAXVALUE
- NOMINVALUE
- NONCLUSTERED
- NONE
- NOT (R)
- NOWAIT
- NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R)
- NTH_VALUE (R-Window)
- NTILE (R-Window)
- NULL (R)
- NULLS
- NUMERIC (R)
- NVARCHAR
- OF (R)
- OFF
- OFFSET
- OLTP_READ_ONLY
- OLTP_READ_WRITE
- OLTP_WRITE_ONLY
- ON (R)
- ON_DUPLICATE
- ONLINE
- ONLY
- OPEN
- OPTIMISTIC
- OPTIMIZE (R)
- OPTION (R)
- OPTIONAL
- OPTIONALLY (R)
- OR (R)
- ORDER (R)
- OUT (R)
- OUTER (R)
- OUTFILE (R)
- OVER (R-Window)
- PACK_KEYS
- PAGE
- PARSER
- PARTIAL
- PARTITION (R)
- PARTITIONING
- PARTITIONS
- PASSWORD
- PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME
- PAUSE
- PERCENT
- PERCENT_RANK (R-Window)
- PER_DB
- PER_TABLE
- PESSIMISTIC
- PLUGINS
- POINT
- POLICY
- PRECEDING
- PRECISION (R)
- PREPARE
- PRESERVE
- PRE_SPLIT_REGIONS
- PRIMARY (R)
- PRIVILEGES
- PROCEDURE (R)
- PROCESS
- PROCESSLIST
- PROFILE
- PROFILES
- PROXY
- PUMP
- PURGE
- QUARTER
- QUERIES
- QUERY
- QUICK
- RANGE (R)
- RANK (R-Window)
- RATE_LIMIT
- READ (R)
- REAL (R)
- REBUILD
- RECOVER
- RECURSIVE (R)
- REDUNDANT
- REFERENCES (R)
- REGEXP (R)
- REGION
- REGIONS
- RELEASE (R)
- RELOAD
- REMOVE
- RENAME (R)
- REORGANIZE
- REPAIR
- REPEAT (R)
- REPEATABLE
- REPLACE (R)
- REPLICA
- REPLICAS
- REPLICATION
- REQUIRE (R)
- REQUIRED
- RESET
- RESOURCE
- RESPECT
- RESTART
- RESTORE
- RESTORES
- RESTRICT (R)
- RESUME
- REUSE
- REVERSE
- REVOKE (R)
- RIGHT (R)
- RLIKE (R)
- ROLE
- ROLLBACK
- ROLLUP
- ROUTINE
- ROW (R)
- ROW_COUNT
- ROW_FORMAT
- ROW_NUMBER (R-Window)
- ROWS (R-Window)
- RTREE
- RUN
- SAMPLERATE
- SAMPLES
- SAN
- SAVEPOINT
- SECOND
- SECOND_MICROSECOND (R)
- SECONDARY
- SECONDARY_ENGINE
- SECONDARY_LOAD
- SECONDARY_UNLOAD
- SECURITY
- SELECT (R)
- SEND_CREDENTIALS_TO_TIKV
- SEPARATOR
- SEQUENCE
- SERIAL
- SERIALIZABLE
- SESSION
- SESSION_STATES
- SET (R)
- SETVAL
- SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS
- SHARE
- SHARED
- SHOW (R)
- SHUTDOWN
- SIGNED
- SIMPLE
- SKIP
- SKIP_SCHEMA_FILES
- SLAVE
- SLOW
- SMALLINT (R)
- SNAPSHOT
- SOME
- SOURCE
- SPATIAL (R)
- SPLIT
- SQL (R)
- SQL_BIG_RESULT (R)
- SQL_BUFFER_RESULT
- SQL_CACHE
- SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R)
- SQL_NO_CACHE
- SQL_SMALL_RESULT (R)
- SQL_TSI_DAY
- SQL_TSI_HOUR
- SQL_TSI_MINUTE
- SQL_TSI_MONTH
- SQL_TSI_QUARTER
- SQL_TSI_SECOND
- SQL_TSI_WEEK
- SQL_TSI_YEAR
- SQLEXCEPTION (R)
- SQLSTATE (R)
- SQLWARNING (R)
- SSL (R)
- START
- STARTING (R)
- STATISTICS
- STATS
- STATS_AUTO_RECALC
- STATS_BUCKETS
- STATS_COL_CHOICE
- STATS_COL_LIST
- STATS_EXTENDED (R)
- STATS_HEALTHY
- STATS_HISTOGRAMS
- STATS_LOCKED
- STATS_META
- STATS_OPTIONS
- STATS_PERSISTENT
- STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES
- STATS_SAMPLE_RATE
- STATS_TOPN
- STATUS
- STORAGE
- STORED (R)
- STRAIGHT_JOIN (R)
- STRICT_FORMAT
- SUBJECT
- SUBPARTITION
- SUBPARTITIONS
- SUPER
- SWAPS
- SWITCHES
- SYSTEM
- SYSTEM_TIME
- TABLE (R)
- TABLES
- TABLESAMPLE (R)
- TABLESPACE
- TABLE_CHECKSUM
- TELEMETRY
- TELEMETRY_ID
- TEMPORARY
- TEMPTABLE
- TERMINATED (R)
- TEXT
- THAN
- THEN (R)
- TIDB
- TiDB_CURRENT_TSO (R)
- TIFLASH
- TIKV_IMPORTER
- TIME
- TIMESTAMP
- TINYBLOB (R)
- TINYINT (R)
- TINYTEXT (R)
- TO (R)
- TOKEN_ISSUER
- TOPN
- TPCC
- TPCH_10
- TRACE
- TRADITIONAL
- TRAILING (R)
- TRANSACTION
- TRIGGER (R)
- TRIGGERS
- TRUE (R)
- TRUNCATE
- TSO
- TTL
- TTL_ENABLE
- TTL_JOB_INTERVAL
- TYPE
- UNBOUNDED
- UNCOMMITTED
- UNDEFINED
- UNICODE
- UNION (R)
- UNIQUE (R)
- UNKNOWN
- UNLOCK (R)
- UNSET
- UNSIGNED (R)
- UNTIL (R)
- UPDATE (R)
- USAGE (R)
- USE (R)
- USER
- USING (R)
- UTC_DATE (R)
- UTC_TIME (R)
- UTC_TIMESTAMP (R)
- VALIDATION
- VALUE
- VALUES (R)
- VARBINARY (R)
- VARCHAR (R)
- VARCHARACTER (R)
- VARIABLES
- VARYING (R)
- VIEW
- VIRTUAL (R)
- VISIBLE
- WAIT
- WARNINGS
- WEEK
- WEIGHT_STRING
- WHEN (R)
- WHERE (R)
- WHILE (R)
- WIDTH
- WINDOW (R-Window)
- WITH (R)
- WITHOUT
- WORKLOAD
- WRITE (R)
- X509
- XOR (R)
- YEAR
- YEAR_MONTH (R)
- ZEROFILL (R)