Connect to TiDB with Go-MySQL-Driver
TiDB is a MySQL-compatible database, and Go-MySQL-Driver is a MySQL implementation for the database/sql interface.
In this tutorial, you can learn how to use TiDB and Go-MySQL-Driver to accomplish the following tasks:
- Set up your environment.
- Connect to your TiDB cluster using Go-MySQL-Driver.
- Build and run your application. Optionally, you can find sample code snippets for basic CRUD operations.
Prerequisites
To complete this tutorial, you need:
If you don't have a TiDB cluster, you can create one as follows:
- (Recommended) Follow Creating a TiDB Serverless cluster to create your own TiDB Cloud cluster.
- Follow Deploy a local test TiDB cluster or Deploy a production TiDB cluster to create a local cluster.
Run the sample app to connect to TiDB
This section demonstrates how to run the sample application code and connect to TiDB.
Step 1: Clone the sample app repository
Run the following commands in your terminal window to clone the sample code repository:
git clone https://github.com/tidb-samples/tidb-golang-sql-driver-quickstart.git
cd tidb-golang-sql-driver-quickstart
Step 2: Configure connection information
Connect to your TiDB cluster depending on the TiDB deployment option you've selected.
- TiDB Serverless
- TiDB Dedicated
- TiDB Self-Hosted
Navigate to the Clusters page, and then click the name of your target cluster to go to its overview page.
Click Connect in the upper-right corner. A connection dialog is displayed.
Ensure the configurations in the connection dialog match your operating environment.
- Endpoint Type is set to
Public
- Branch is set to
main
- Connect With is set to
General
- Operating System matches your environment.
- Endpoint Type is set to
Click Generate Password to create a random password.
Run the following command to copy
.env.example
and rename it to.env
:cp .env.example .envCopy and paste the corresponding connection string into the
.env
file. The example result is as follows:TIDB_HOST='{host}' # e.g. gateway01.ap-northeast-1.prod.aws.tidbcloud.com TIDB_PORT='4000' TIDB_USER='{user}' # e.g. xxxxxx.root TIDB_PASSWORD='{password}' TIDB_DB_NAME='test' USE_SSL='true'Be sure to replace the placeholders
{}
with the connection parameters obtained from the connection dialog.TiDB Serverless requires a secure connection. Therefore, you need to set the value of
USE_SSL
totrue
.Save the
.env
file.
Navigate to the Clusters page, and then click the name of your target cluster to go to its overview page.
Click Connect in the upper-right corner. A connection dialog is displayed.
Click Allow Access from Anywhere and then click Download CA cert to download the CA certificate.
For more details about how to obtain the connection string, refer to TiDB Dedicated standard connection.
Run the following command to copy
.env.example
and rename it to.env
:cp .env.example .envCopy and paste the corresponding connection string into the
.env
file. The example result is as follows:TIDB_HOST='{host}' # e.g. tidb.xxxx.clusters.tidb-cloud.com TIDB_PORT='4000' TIDB_USER='{user}' # e.g. root TIDB_PASSWORD='{password}' TIDB_DB_NAME='test' USE_SSL='false'Be sure to replace the placeholders
{}
with the connection parameters obtained from the connection dialog.Save the
.env
file.
Run the following command to copy
.env.example
and rename it to.env
:cp .env.example .envCopy and paste the corresponding connection string into the
.env
file. The example result is as follows:TIDB_HOST='{host}' TIDB_PORT='4000' TIDB_USER='root' TIDB_PASSWORD='{password}' TIDB_DB_NAME='test' USE_SSL='false'Be sure to replace the placeholders
{}
with the connection parameters, and setUSE_SSL
tofalse
. If you are running TiDB locally, the default host address is127.0.0.1
, and the password is empty.Save the
.env
file.
Step 3: Run the code and check the result
Execute the following command to run the sample code:
makeCheck the Expected-Output.txt to see if the output matches.
Sample code snippets
You can refer to the following sample code snippets to complete your own application development.
For complete sample code and how to run it, check out the tidb-samples/tidb-golang-sql-driver-quickstart repository.
Connect to TiDB
func openDB(driverName string, runnable func(db *sql.DB)) {
dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&tls=%s",
${tidb_user}, ${tidb_password}, ${tidb_host}, ${tidb_port}, ${tidb_db_name}, ${use_ssl})
db, err := sql.Open(driverName, dsn)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer db.Close()
runnable(db)
}
When using this function, you need to replace ${tidb_host}
, ${tidb_port}
, ${tidb_user}
, ${tidb_password}
, and ${tidb_db_name}
with the actual values of your TiDB cluster. TiDB Serverless requires a secure connection. Therefore, you need to set the value of ${use_ssl}
to true
.
Insert data
openDB("mysql", func(db *sql.DB) {
insertSQL = "INSERT INTO player (id, coins, goods) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"
_, err := db.Exec(insertSQL, "id", 1, 1)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
})
For more information, refer to Insert data.
Query data
openDB("mysql", func(db *sql.DB) {
selectSQL = "SELECT id, coins, goods FROM player WHERE id = ?"
rows, err := db.Query(selectSQL, "id")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
// This line is extremely important!
defer rows.Close()
id, coins, goods := "", 0, 0
if rows.Next() {
err = rows.Scan(&id, &coins, &goods)
if err == nil {
fmt.Printf("player id: %s, coins: %d, goods: %d\n", id, coins, goods)
}
}
})
For more information, refer to Query data.
Update data
openDB("mysql", func(db *sql.DB) {
updateSQL = "UPDATE player set goods = goods + ?, coins = coins + ? WHERE id = ?"
_, err := db.Exec(updateSQL, 1, -1, "id")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
})
For more information, refer to Update data.
Delete data
openDB("mysql", func(db *sql.DB) {
deleteSQL = "DELETE FROM player WHERE id=?"
_, err := db.Exec(deleteSQL, "id")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
})
For more information, refer to Delete data.
Useful notes
Using driver or ORM framework?
The Golang driver provides low-level access to the database, but it requires the developers to:
- Manually establish and release database connections.
- Manually manage database transactions.
- Manually map data rows to data objects.
Unless you need to write complex SQL statements, it is recommended to use ORM framework for development, such as GORM. It can help you:
- Reduce boilerplate code for managing connections and transactions.
- Manipulate data with data objects instead of a number of SQL statements.
Next steps
- Learn more usage of Go-MySQL-Driver from the documentation of Go-MySQL-Driver.
- Learn the best practices for TiDB application development with the chapters in the Developer guide, such as Insert data, Update data, Delete data, Single table reading, Transactions, and SQL performance optimization.
- Learn through the professional TiDB developer courses and earn TiDB certifications after passing the exam.
Need help?
Ask questions on TiDB Community, or create a support ticket.