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Quickly Deploy a Local TiDB Cluster

The TiDB cluster is a distributed system that consists of multiple components. A typical TiDB cluster consists of at least three PD nodes, three TiKV nodes, and two TiDB nodes. If you want to have a quick experience on TiDB, you might find it time-consuming and complicated to manually deploy so many components. This document introduces the playground component of TiUP and how to use it to quickly build a local TiDB test environment.

TiUP playground overview

The basic usage of the playground component is shown as follows:

tiup playground ${version} [flags]

If you directly execute the tiup playground command, TiUP uses the locally installed TiDB, TiKV, and PD components or installs the stable version of these components to start a TiDB cluster that consists of one TiKV instance, one TiDB instance, one PD instance, and one TiFlash instance.

This command actually performs the following operations:

Because this command does not specify the version of the playground component, TiUP first checks the latest version of the installed playground component. Assume that the latest version is v1.12.3, then this command works the same as tiup playground:v1.12.3.
If you have not used TiUP playground to install the TiDB, TiKV, and PD components, the playground component installs the latest stable version of these components, and then start these instances.
Because this command does not specify the version of the TiDB, PD, and TiKV component, TiUP playground uses the latest version of each component by default. Assume that the latest version is v7.2.0, then this command works the same as tiup playground:v1.12.3 v7.2.0.
Because this command does not specify the number of each component, TiUP playground, by default, starts a smallest cluster that consists of one TiDB instance, one TiKV instance, one PD instance, and one TiFlash instance.
After starting each TiDB component, TiUP playground reminds you that the cluster is successfully started and provides you some useful information, such as how to connect to the TiDB cluster through the MySQL client and how to access the TiDB Dashboard.

The command-line flags of the playground component are described as follows:

Flags:
      --db int                   Specify the number of TiDB instances (default: 1)
      --db.host host             Specify the listening address of TiDB
      --db.port int              Specify the port of TiDB
      --db.binpath string        Specify the TiDB instance binary path (optional, for debugging)
      --db.config string         Specify the TiDB instance configuration file (optional, for debugging)
      --db.timeout int           Specify TiDB maximum wait time in seconds for starting. 0 means no limit
      --drainer int              Specify Drainer data of the cluster
      --drainer.binpath string   Specify the location of the Drainer binary files (optional, for debugging)
      --drainer.config string    Specify the Drainer configuration file
  -h, --help                     help for tiup
      --host string              Specify the listening address of each component (default: `127.0.0.1`). Set it to `0.0.0.0` if provided for access of other machines
      --kv int                   Specify the number of TiKV instances (default: 1)
      --kv.binpath string        Specify the TiKV instance binary path (optional, for debugging)
      --kv.config string         Specify the TiKV instance configuration file (optional, for debugging)
      --mode string              Specify the playground mode: 'tidb' (default) and 'tikv-slim'
      --pd int                   Specify the number of PD instances (default: 1)
      --pd.host host             Specify the listening address of PD
      --pd.binpath string        Specify the PD instance binary path (optional, for debugging)
      --pd.config string         Specify the PD instance configuration file (optional, for debugging)
      --pump int                 Specify the number of Pump instances. If the value is not `0`, TiDB Binlog is enabled.
      --pump.binpath string      Specify the location of the Pump binary files (optional, for debugging)
      --pump.config string       Specify the Pump configuration file (optional, for debugging)
      -T, --tag string           Specify a tag for playground
      --ticdc int                Specify the number of TiCDC instances (default: 0)
      --ticdc.binpath string     Specify the TiCDC instance binary path (optional, for debugging)
      --ticdc.config string      Specify the TiCDC instance configuration file (optional, for debugging)
      --tiflash int              Specify the number of TiFlash instances (default: 1)
      --tiflash.binpath string   Specify the TiFlash instance binary path (optional, for debugging)
      --tiflash.config string    Specify the TiFlash instance configuration file (optional, for debugging)
      --tiflash.timeout int      Specify TiFlash maximum wait time in seconds for starting. 0 means no limit
      -v, --version              Specify the version of playground
      --without-monitor          Disable the monitoring function of Prometheus and Grafana. If you do not add this flag, the monitoring function is enabled by default.

Examples

Check available TiDB versions

tiup list tidb

Start a TiDB cluster of a specific version

tiup playground ${version}

Replace ${version} with the target version number.

Start a TiDB cluster of the nightly version

tiup playground nightly

In the command above, nightly indicates the latest development version of TiDB.

Override PD's default configuration

First, you need to copy the PD configuration template. Assume you place the copied file to ~/config/pd.toml and make some changes according to your need, then you can execute the following command to override PD's default configuration:

tiup playground --pd.config ~/config/pd.toml

Replace the default binary files

By default, when playground is started, each component is started using the binary files from the official mirror. If you want to put a temporarily compiled local binary file into the cluster for testing, you can use the --{comp}.binpath flag for replacement. For example, execute the following command to replace the binary file of TiDB:

tiup playground --db.binpath /xx/tidb-server

Start multiple component instances

By default, only one instance is started for each TiDB, TiKV, and PD component. To start multiple instances for each component, add the following flag:

tiup playground --db 3 --pd 3 --kv 3

Specify a tag when starting the TiDB cluster

After you stop a TiDB cluster started using TiUP playground, all cluster data is cleaned up as well. To start a TiDB cluster using TiUP playground and ensure that the cluster data is not cleaned up automatically, you can specify a tag when starting the cluster. After specifying the tag, you can find the cluster data in the ~/.tiup/data directory. Run the following command to specify a tag:

tiup playground --tag <tagname>

For a cluster started in this way, the data files are retained after the cluster is stopped. You can use this tag to start the cluster next time so that you can use the data kept since the cluster was stopped.

Quickly connect to the TiDB cluster started by playground

TiUP provides the client component, which is used to automatically find and connect to a local TiDB cluster started by playground. The usage is as follows:

tiup client

This command provides a list of TiDB clusters that are started by playground on the current machine on the console. Select the TiDB cluster to be connected. After clicking Enter, a built-in MySQL client is opened to connect to TiDB.

View information of the started cluster

tiup playground display

The command above returns the following results:

Pid    Role     Uptime
---    ----     ------
84518  pd       35m22.929404512s
84519  tikv     35m22.927757153s
84520  pump     35m22.92618275s
86189  tidb     exited
86526  tidb     34m28.293148663s
86190  drainer  35m19.91349249s

Scale out a cluster

The command-line parameter for scaling out a cluster is similar to that for starting a cluster. You can scale out two TiDB instances by executing the following command:

tiup playground scale-out --db 2

Scale in a cluster

You can specify a pid in the tiup playground scale-in command to scale in the corresponding instance. To view the pid, execute tiup playground display.

tiup playground scale-in --pid 86526