ALTER USER
ALTER USER 语句用于更改 TiDB 权限系统内的已有用户。和 MySQL 一样，在 TiDB 权限系统中，用户是用户名和用户名所连接主机的组合。因此，可创建一个用户 'newuser2'@'192.168.1.1'，使其只能通过 IP 地址 192.168.1.1 进行连接。相同的用户名从不同主机登录时可能会拥有不同的权限。
语法图
- AlterUserStmt
- UserSpecList
- UserSpec
- Username
- AuthOption
- PasswordOption
- LockOption
- AttributeOption
- ResourceGroupNameOption
AlterUserStmt ::=
'ALTER' 'USER' IfExists (UserSpecList RequireClauseOpt ConnectionOptions PasswordOption LockOption AttributeOption | 'USER' '(' ')' 'IDENTIFIED' 'BY' AuthString) ResourceGroupNameOption
UserSpecList ::=
UserSpec ( ',' UserSpec )*
UserSpec ::=
Username AuthOption
Username ::=
StringName ('@' StringName | singleAtIdentifier)? | 'CURRENT_USER' OptionalBraces
AuthOption ::=
( 'IDENTIFIED' ( 'BY' ( AuthString | 'PASSWORD' HashString ) | 'WITH' StringName ( 'BY' AuthString | 'AS' HashString )? ) )?
PasswordOption ::= ( 'PASSWORD' 'EXPIRE' ( 'DEFAULT' | 'NEVER' | 'INTERVAL' N 'DAY' )? | 'PASSWORD' 'HISTORY' ( 'DEFAULT' | N ) | 'PASSWORD' 'REUSE' 'INTERVAL' ( 'DEFAULT' | N 'DAY' ) | 'FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS' N | 'PASSWORD_LOCK_TIME' ( N | 'UNBOUNDED' ) )*
LockOption ::= ( 'ACCOUNT' 'LOCK' | 'ACCOUNT' 'UNLOCK' )?
AttributeOption ::= ( 'COMMENT' CommentString | 'ATTRIBUTE' AttributeString )?
ResourceGroupNameOption::= ( 'RESOURCE' 'GROUP' Identifier)?
示例
CREATE USER 'newuser' IDENTIFIED BY 'newuserpassword';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
SHOW CREATE USER 'newuser';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CREATE USER for newuser@% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CREATE USER 'newuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*5806E04BBEE79E1899964C6A04D68BCA69B1A879' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改用户基本信息
修改用户 newuser 的密码：
ALTER USER 'newuser' IDENTIFIED BY 'newnewpassword';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
SHOW CREATE USER 'newuser';
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CREATE USER for newuser@% |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CREATE USER 'newuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*FB8A1EA1353E8775CA836233E367FBDFCB37BE73' REQUIRE NONE PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT ACCOUNT UNLOCK |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
锁定用户 newuser：
ALTER USER 'newuser' ACCOUNT LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
修改 newuser 的属性：
ALTER USER 'newuser' ATTRIBUTE '{"newAttr": "value", "deprecatedAttr": null}';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;
+-----------+------+--------------------------+
| USER | HOST | ATTRIBUTE |
+-----------+------+--------------------------+
| newuser | % | {"newAttr": "value"} |
+-----------+------+--------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)
通过 ALTER USER ... COMMENT 修改用户 newuser 的注释：
ALTER USER 'newuser' COMMENT 'Here is the comment';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;
+-----------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| USER | HOST | ATTRIBUTE |
+-----------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| newuser | % | {"comment": "Here is the comment", "newAttr": "value"} |
+-----------+------+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)
通过 ALTER USER ... ATTRIBUTE 删除用户 newuser 的注释：
ALTER USER 'newuser' ATTRIBUTE '{"comment": null}';
SELECT * FROM information_schema.user_attributes;
+-----------+------+---------------------------+
| USER | HOST | ATTRIBUTE |
+-----------+------+---------------------------+
| newuser | % | {"newAttr": "value"} |
+-----------+------+---------------------------+
1 rows in set (0.00 sec)
通过 ALTER USER ... PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER 修改用户 newuser 的自动密码过期策略为永不过期：
ALTER USER 'newuser' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
通过 ALTER USER ... PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL ... DAY 修改用户 newuser 的密码重用策略为不允许重复使用最近 90 天内使用过的密码：
ALTER USER 'newuser' PASSWORD REUSE INTERVAL 90 DAY;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
修改用户绑定的资源组
通过 ALTER USER ... RESOURCE GROUP 修改用户 newuser 的资源组到 rg1：
ALTER USER 'newuser' RESOURCE GROUP rg1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
查看当前用户绑定的资源组：
SELECT USER, JSON_EXTRACT(User_attributes, "$.resource_group") FROM mysql.user WHERE user = "newuser";
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER | JSON_EXTRACT(User_attributes, "$.resource_group") |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser | "rg1" |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
取消用户绑定的资源组，即将用户绑定到 default 资源组。
ALTER USER 'newuser' RESOURCE GROUP `default`;
SELECT USER, JSON_EXTRACT(User_attributes, "$.resource_group") FROM mysql.user WHERE user = "newuser";
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| USER | JSON_EXTRACT(User_attributes, "$.resource_group") |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
| newuser | "default" |
+---------+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)