ADD COLUMN

ALTER TABLE.. ADD COLUMN 语句用于在已有表中添加列。在 TiDB 中,ADD COLUMN 为在线操作,不会阻塞表中的数据读写。

语法图

AlterTableStmt
ALTERIgnoreOptionalTABLETableNameAlterTableSpecListOptAlterTablePartitionOptANALYZEPARTITIONPartitionNameListINDEXIndexNameListAnalyzeOptionListOpt
AlterTableSpec
TableOptionListSETTIFLASHREPLICALengthNumLocationLabelListCONVERTTOCharsetKwCharsetNameDEFAULTOptCollateADDColumnKeywordOptIfNotExistsColumnDefColumnPosition(TableElementList)ConstraintPARTITIONIfNotExistsNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptPartitionDefinitionListOptPARTITIONSNUMCHECKTRUNCATEPARTITIONOPTIMIZEREPAIRREBUILDPARTITIONNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptAllOrPartitionNameListCOALESCEPARTITIONNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptNUMDROPColumnKeywordOptIfExistsColumnNameRestrictOrCascadeOptPRIMARYKEYPARTITIONIfExistsPartitionNameListKeyOrIndexIfExistsCHECKIdentifierFOREIGNKEYIfExistsSymbolEXCHANGEPARTITIONIdentifierWITHTABLETableNameWithValidationOptIMPORTDISCARDPARTITIONAllOrPartitionNameListTABLESPACEREORGANIZEPARTITIONNoWriteToBinLogAliasOptReorganizePartitionRuleOptORDERBYAlterOrderItem,DISABLEENABLEKEYSMODIFYColumnKeywordOptIfExistsCHANGEColumnKeywordOptIfExistsColumnNameColumnDefColumnPositionALTERColumnKeywordOptColumnNameSETDEFAULTSignedLiteral(Expression)DROPDEFAULTCHECKIdentifierEnforcedOrNotINDEXIdentifierIndexInvisibleRENAMECOLUMNKeyOrIndexIdentifierTOIdentifierTO=ASTableNameLockClauseAlgorithmClauseFORCEWITHWITHOUTVALIDATIONSECONDARY_LOADSECONDARY_UNLOAD
ColumnDef
ColumnNameTypeSERIALColumnOptionListOpt
ColumnPosition
FIRSTAFTERColumnName

示例

CREATE TABLE t1 (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (NULL);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+ | id | +----+ | 1 | +----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ALTER TABLE t1 ADD COLUMN c1 INT NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+----+ | id | c1 | +----+----+ | 1 | 0 | +----+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ALTER TABLE t1 ADD c2 INT NOT NULL AFTER c1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.28 sec)
SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+----+----+ | id | c1 | c2 | +----+----+----+ | 1 | 0 | 0 | +----+----+----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 兼容性

  • 不支持在一条语句中同时添加多列。
  • 不支持将新添加的列设为 PRIMARY KEY
  • 不支持将新添加的列设为 AUTO_INCREMENT
  • 对添加生成列有局限性,具体可参考:生成列局限性

另请参阅